This year’s Astana International Energy Summit drew 38 national delegations and 230 corporate representatives, including senior figures from TotalEnergies, Eni, CNPC, and Shell. The opening day produced eight bilateral memoranda totaling roughly $9 billion in announced investment commitments.
Whether those commitments materialize is, as always, the open question. Kazakhstan’s Ministry of Energy notes that historical conversion rates from summit MoU to construction-phase project run at approximately 60%.